Heat exchanger



Feb. 1, 1949.

E. H. KI DD HEAT ExdHAuGEP.

' 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed July 5, 1946 Patented Feb. 1 1949 HEAT EXCHANGER v 'Earl H. Kidd, Racine, Wis., assignor to Young Radiator Company, Racine,

of Wisconsin Wis., a corporation Application July '5, 1946, Serial N6. 681548 '2 Claims. 01. 257-2) Regulating the temperature of oil for lubricating the moving parts of heat-generating power units has become an increasing imperative withthe expanding development and application of such power units. This expanding use of such power units in the. automotive field has presented problems peculiar to the particular types of serv-.

exchanger with an extensive intimate heat exchange contact between the two differently temperaturdfluids flowing through the device; to provide an improved heat-exchange device of this 5 k'znd whichrcan be inserted in the fluid cooling circuit for power units and serve to warm or cool the lubricating oil as the differing conditions created by the varied types of automotiveequipare used, may require; to provide a heat-exchange device of this kind wherein the several parts are weather and climates. Those charged with the maintenance of such equipment have resorted to I crank-case covers or special radiator cores locaterating at full-load capacity and at other times requiring a very minimum of power. During the one condition considerable cooling of the oil is demanded; during the other condition 611 warming is imperative.

Power units required for cross-country heavyduty trucks, especially those operating in the v cooler months or climates, and power units for light-duty trucks used in cities present contrary problems of oil warmin and oil cooling,

Power units used on heavy earth-moving machinery present the problem of normally insuflicient oil cooling due to the excess dust in the air which is depended upon to cool the oil.

For certain of these latter problems one engine 6 manufacturer has resorted to the expediency of a special liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger for oil cooling. Another engine manufacturer provides an auxiliary oil-to-water heat' exchanger mounted on the outside of the engine instead of being an integral part of the normal equipment and placed inside of the unit. None of these expedients is available to solve all of the difierent problems presented by these various types of vehicles. No one appears to have provided a heat exchanger capable of application to all of such a variety of situations. s

The main objects of this invention, therefore, are to provide an improved form of heat-exchange device the parts of which are so formed and fabricated as to provide a very compact heat inwardly to form a rim H. Openings are out in.-

so constructed as to make an initial assembly very simple and certain and make subsequent dismantling for cleaning and repair and reassembling equally simple and certain; and to provide a heat-exchange deviceof this kind which .is so compact and confined in its over-all dimensions as to require a very minimum of space for installation, thereby making practical the inclusion of such a device in automotive equipment by the manufacturer or its subsequent insertion of such a device bythe purchaser of the equipment.

A preferred embodiment of this invention is shown in the drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a heat-exchange device constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig.1 is a vertical partly-sectional and partlyelevational view of the same; 6

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken 0 the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. .4 is a diagrammatic view of a power unit and its cooling system showing a heat exchangerembodying this invention incorporated therewith,

A heat-exchange device constructed in accordance with this invention comprises a shell 5 wherein is mounted a core 6 held in place by a closure 1 through the mediunr of clamping means 8.

The shell 5 is preferably a sheet-metal stamping of cylindrical form with an integral closed end 9 and an opposite open end l0. At the-latter end the perimetrical portion of the shell is curled the sides of the shell to form inlet and outlet ports I! and I3. The metal around the perimeters of these openings is upset to form transversely-disposed flanges l4 around which are secured plates l5 adapted for the mounting of con- "plurality of axially-disposed, radially-spaced tubes 2| and so assembled as to flt within the shell 5.

The headers i3 and 26 are sheet metal stampings of pan-like iormeach with a transverse perimetrical flange. The flange on the plate l3 supports the plate in spaced relationship to the bottom 9, thus providing a chamber 22 which communicates with all of the tubes 2|.

The tubes 2|.. are of the conventional type used in heat-exchange devices 01' this kind, and have their ends extended through and sealed in the header plates l3 and 20. Agitators may be inserted in the tubes 2| to increase the heattransfer surface exposed to the fluid flowing through the tubes.

The closure 1 is herein shown in the form of a casting. A transverse, axial partition 23 divides an integral head 24, formed on the, closure 1, into chambers '26 and 26. Angularly-dis posed perimetrical flanges 21 and 26, respectively, secure the core 6 in the shell and support the closure on the open end of said shell.

The partition 23 contacts the header plate 20 diametrically thereof and divides the tubes 2 l' of the core 6 into two groups communicating respectively with the chambers 25 and 26.

An inlet port 29 and a pair of outlet ports 36 are formed in the closure head 24 to communicate respectively with the chambers 25 and 26. An opening 3| is formed in the partition-23 to provide communication between the chambers 26 and 26 under the control of a valve'mechanism 32 as will appear more fully hereinafter. The clamping means 8 is herein shown in the form of a pair oi areuate, channel-shaped sec-' 3 tions 33 and 34. These sections are hingedly connected together at one of their ends by means of a link 35 and at their otherend by-a bolt and nut connection 36 thus iorming a ring. Fitting over the rim II on the shell 6 and the flange 21 on the closure I, the turning up of the connection 36 causes the channel-shaped members 33 and 34 to force the flange on the header. plate l6 into contact with a sealing ring 31 and to compress a sealing ring 38 into the space between the perimeter of the header plate 26 and the adjacent wall of the shell 6. These sealing rings 31 and 38 prevent communication between the space within the shell 5 surrounding the tubes 2| and the chambers 22, 25, and 26 communicating with the tubes 2|.

The valve mechanism 32 may be either of the spring-loaded type, to be actuated by the pressure of the fluid in the device, or the thermostatic type. to be actuated by the temperature of the fluid flowing through the chambers '25 and 26. As shown herein, the valve mechanism '32 is of the former type. (Ihe valve member- 46 is slidably mounted on a stem 4| secured to a cover plate 42 and urged by a spring 43 to normally be seated on a valve seat 44 so as to control communication through the opening3| in the partition 23. The cover plate 42 is heldin place by means of a special spring retaining-ring 45 of the type shown in Fig. 5 of co-pending application Serial No. 598,535, filed June 9, 1945, now Patent No. 2, 44,711, dated July 6, 1948.

If at any time the condition of the fluid in the tubes 2| is such that the pressure required, to cause a flow of fluid from the chamber 25 to the chamber 26 through the tubes 2| and the communicating member 22, is more than that to which the tubes 2| should be subjected, the valve 46 will 'recede from its valve seat 4| and permit I 4 a flow oi fluid directly irom the inlet 26 to the outlets 36.

- The spring 43 is tensioned so that in the event the congealed condition of oil in the core 6 is 5 such as to create a pressure on the tubes 2| in excess of their rated pressure resistance, the valve mechanism 32 would open to allow the oil to flow directly from the chamber 26 tothe chamber 26, thereby by-passing the core tubes 2|.

The' manner in which a heat exchanger of this kindis used with a power unit is shown in Fig. 4. The heat-exchange device is mounted on or adjacent to a power unit 41 with the ports l2 and I3 connected in the line 46 between the power unit 41 and the radiator 46,.preferably between the pump 43 and the Jacketoi. the power unit 41. To the oil inlet 29 and the outlets 36 are con-' nected an 011 line to the power unit. A suitable thermostatic valve 60 is arranged in the line 46 from which valve leads a -by-pass 6| to the line connection to the inlet port |2 of the heatexchange device. During the warm-up period of the power unit the coolant will be circulated through the Jacket and the heat exchanger by-passing the radiator 46. As the temperature of the coolant rises its flow through.the heat exchanger will quickly warm the oil in the core 6. Thevalve mechanism 32, unless the oil in the core is excessively congealed, will cause the oil to flow through the tubes 2|. Here the oil will quickly pick up the heat from the coolant and establish a temperaturetherefor suitable for the emcient operation of the power unit. During normal operation of the power unit 41, the oil flowing through the heat-exchange core 6 will take up heat from orgive oil heat -to the coolant flowing around the tubes 2| from the radiator 48. Thus the oil will be "kept near a temperature most eflicient for the operation of the power unit 41 regardless of the conditions of service to which it may be subjected.

Variations andmodiflcations in the details 0! structure and arrangement of the parts may be resorted to within the spirit and coverage of the appended claims.

I claim: 1. In a device of the class described, the com- 50 bination of a one-piece shell closed at one end and having the perimetrical portion of the openend formed to provide an annular ledge and'having inlet and outlet. ports formed in the sides thereof, a core for said shell comprising a pair of header plates heldin axially-spaced relationship a distance less than the internal axial length of said shell by a plurality of axially-disposed radially-spaced tubes the ends of which tubes extend through and are bonded to the respective no header plates, said core being adapted to telescopically fit within said shell with the one header spaced from the closed end of said-shell to form a chamber communicating with all of said tubes,

a closure for the open end of said shell formed with axiallyand radially-disposed peripheral flanges the former of which is adapted to tele-. I

scopically flt withinthe open end of said shell with the radially-disposed flange resting on the peripheral ledge of said shell, said closure having the interior divided into two compartments by an axially-disposed partition the lower end of which is disposed in the plane of the lower edge of said axially-disposed closure also having inlet and outlet ports com- 7 municating with the respective closure compartments, valve mechanism located in said partition peripheral flange, said.

some and operable under the influence oi fluid entering said'closure inlet port or controlling communication directly between said closure compartments or indirectly through said core, and

clamping means gripping the superimposed cloand partition against the upper of said header ing inlet and outlet ports formed in the sides thereof, a core for said shell comprising a pair of header plates peripherally flanged to telescopically flt within said shell, said header plates being held in axially-spaced relationship a distance less than the internal axial length of said shell by a plurality of axially-disposed radially-spaced tubes the ends of which tubes extend through and are bonded to the respective header plates, said core being adapted to telescopically flt within said shell with the flange on the inner header spacing said header from the closed end of said shell to form a chamber communicating with all oi said tubes, a closure for the open end of said shell formed with axiallyand radially-disposed peripheral flanges the former of which is adapted to telescopically fit within the open end 0! said I end oi which is disposed in the plane 01' the lower edge of said axially-disposed peripheral flange, said closure also having inlet andoutlet ports communicating with the respective closure compartments, valve mechanism located in said partition. and operable under the influence of fluid entering said closure inlet port for controlling communication directly between said closure compartments or indirectly through said core, clamping means gripping the superimposed closure flange and shell ledge whereby to press said lower edges 0! said axially-disposed closure flange plates and thereby force the flange on the lower of said header plates into contact with said shell bottom to seal oil communication between the chambers of said shell on the opposite sides 0t said lower header, and compressible sealing strips inserted in the edges or said axiallydisposed closure flange and said partition and between the lower edge of theiflange onthe inner of said header plates and said shell end.

. EARL H. KIDD.

REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in the flle of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS I Number Name 1 I Date 1,662,815 McNeal Mar. 13, 1928 1,822,898 How Sept. 8, 1931 2,289,097 Brinen July 7, 1942 mamas PA'IENTS Number Country Date 810,157 Great Britain Apr. 25, 1929 

